HISTORY
The Cane Corso is one of two native Italian “mastiff type" dogs that
descend from the Roman the Canis Pugnaces. Both the Cane Corso and
Neapolitan Mastiff are the rightful heirs to this legendary war dog. The
Cane Corso being the light version, adept at hunting game or a versatile
farm hand. Sturdy, strong and athletic, equipped with a vigorous temper,
ready to meet any challenge. The Neapolitan Mastiff, the heavy version, a
stout, imposing and fearsome guard dog. The very sight of him would be
enough to frighten away any with ill intent.
The term “Cane Corso” is historically as much an adjective as it is a noun. It
describes a type of dog you need to perform certain tasks, historically
associated with this type of dog. There is documentation to support that as
early as 1137 A.D. this term was synonymous with the lighter variety of the
molossian dog. While the etymology of this term is open to debate, there
are many valid hypotheses to its employment. Cane in Italian, even today
means dog, a derivative of the Latin canis. Also in Latin, Cohors- this would
mean bodyguard. Corsus, would be an ancient Italian provincial adjective
which translates to sturdy or robust. The term however does not mean that
the dog originates in Corsica. In the past this breed had been known by
names with provincial connotations such as Dogo di Puglia. Cane Corso,
however is a broader term that encompasses the breed’s diffusion
throughout all of Italy and Sicily. The Cane Corso was so prized and held
in such high regard that there are several metaphors and antidotes
associated with its name; "can corso, a man of proud aspect and attitude."
"He bites worse than a cane Corso;" “je’nu cors, is what an elderly peasant
would say to describe a young man who was the essence of moral and
physical virtue”
Ancient;
The Cane Corso is morpo-functionally representative of hunting dogs
down through history. Dogs employed helping man in the hunt can be seen in
Assyrian bas-reliefs circa 700 BC. These dogs differ from the heavy dogs
seen in Nivinah and Mesopotamia 100 or so years earlier. They have much
tighter skin around the neck; they present a much leggier construction with a
retracted abdomen. In one scene these dogs are being restrained by their
master’s while going to the hunt. In another scene the dogs are in full pursuit
after wild stag with spears filling the air. In antiquity dogs were not classified
by rigid breed names but by the geographical location in which they were
found or by their particular utilizations. The “Molossian” traces its roots to
the Epirus, the ancient Greek state which is now modern day Albania. Of
the Molossian Oppiano writes “not speedy but impetuous, a fighter of
great courage and incredible strength, to be employed against bulls and wild
boar, undaunted even when confronted with a Lion” The reigning Dynasty
in the 4th century BC were called Molossians, of which Alexander the
Greats mother was a Princess. The Molossians and Macedonians shared
an alliance and undoubtedly that is where the Macedonian army procured
their fierce some war dogs.
The Romans;
The Romans first encountered these Molossians of Epirus during the
Macedonian wars and renamed them Pugnaces because of their willingness
to fight. As was the Roman way what they assimilated they improved upon.
The Roman procurators cinogiae gathered up dogs from throughout the
Empire and separated them into three categories; celeres-those that ran
down wild animals, pugnaces-those that attacked wild animals and villatici-
those that guarded farms. These “groups” of dogs can be roughly
translated into what would be modern day hounds, the Cane Corso and
Neapolitan Mastiff respectively. This Roman war dog was used as an
auxiliary to the legions, as a hunting dog and as entertainment in the arenas
against all manner of animal and or human. To augment the Canis Pugnaces
abilities, dogs from England were brought back to the Empire. The
Romans met the pugnaces Britanniae in battle during their European
campaign’s and had come to value their indomitable fighting spirit. These
“imports” would be added to the Roman Pugnaces. It was said of the
pugnaces Britanniae “they were inflamed with the spirit of Mars the god of
war” Interestingly enough, many believe the infusion of the dogs from
England are responsible for the undershot bite in the Cane Corso, it is
also hypothesized that the Britanniae was originally a molossian that had
been brought to England by the sea fairing Phoenicians.
The fall of Pax Romana;
The fall of the Roman Empire predicated the fall of the Roman war dog.
However, this was not the end for this type of dog; he seemingly melted into
the Italic landscape. While no longer the piriferi (It was common practice for
the Romans to strap buckets of flaming oil to the backs of their war dogs
and send them into the enemy’s front lines to disrupt the opposing cavalry,
these dogs were called piriferi or fire bearer) he did find a home with the
Italian country folk. This Roman dog was transformed from warrior to a
somewhat more peaceful existence as a farmer, hunter and guardian. His
mettle forged on the battlefield and so versatile, would now serve him well in
these daunting tasks in the invaluable aid of man. This age is where we find
the most interesting evidence of the Cane Corso type dog. A Roman
mosaic depicting the wild boar hunt (Villa del Casale III-IV century a.d..,
Piazza Armerina) show’s a very Cane Corso like fawn dog. He is agile, tight
skinned and sinewy, signature characteristics of the Cane Corso. Couple
that with the fact that he is on a boar hunt, a traditional utilization of the
Cane Corso. A miniature by Giovannino de Grassi (1390) shows a light,
athletic Cane Corso type dog. The Reggia di Caserta, fountain of Diana
(1790) the last two dogs on the left are dogs with cropped ears, retracted
abdomen and long, lean musculature.
Neapolitan crèche (XVIII century) Figurine of a fawn Corso like dog with a
black mask, again the black mask is an essential characteristic of the Cane
Corso. Around the 1100’s the term Cane Corso began to be associated
the light molossian. This is evidenced in a number of areas;
-Giulio Cesare Scaligero (1484-1558) in his translation and commentary in
Latin of Aristotle’s Storia degli animali, speaks of large dogs employed in
the hunt of bulls and boar (once again historical Cane Corso utilizations)
called Alani, Corsi, dogas.
-Konrad von Gessner (1516-1564) In Historia Animalium, De
Quadrupedibus, “ know that when a Corso has his teeth in a boar or bull he
can’t be separated him without strong interference from the hunter on his
jaws
Life on the farm;
After the fall of the Roman Empire the Cane Corso proved its versatility
by being employed in numerous varying tasks mostly in Southern Italy in
provinces like Foggia, Puglia, Bari and Campobasso. The primary task’s
where that of guardian, hunter and farm dog. The Cane Corso’s versatility
made it an ideal farmhand. The Masseria or farm/manor was an almost self
sufficient socio-economic culture. A series of structures positioned
around in most cases a main building, generally a chapel. The Cane Corso
was an essential tool in this environment. By day the Cane Corso was
chained to guard the permanently stabled livestock, farm buildings and barns.
This was necessary to protect the various merchants, butchers, day
workers or occasional pedestrian who might pass by. In cases where there
was more than one Cane Corso present, the chain was necessary to keep
the confrontational dogs apart. The manner in which the dog was chained
enabled him to have a free range of motion to be able to reach the areas he
was entrusted to guard. This was accomplished by tying the chain to an
aerial line and a pulley system. Particular attention was paid to the collar,
which was often decorated with the family’s coat of arms.
He was well suited as a flock guardian, often deployed in the war with the
wolves. In these times the Cane Corso often wore steel “Vraccale” collars
that were equipped with spikes. These collars would ensure that the dog
would have an advantage when he encountered the now extinct Italian wolf.
He was also utilized in the breeding of swine. The Cane Corso would
become invaluable when after giving birth the sow would go to thicket to hide
with her brood. The Corso’s job was to seek out and find the sow and
incapacitate her either by grabbing her by the ear or snout so the farmer
could safely gather up the litter. Once this was accomplished the dog was
given a commanded to release her and the sow would anxiously follow her
brood back to the farm where she was reunited with her piglets. The Cane
Corso also was indispensable in keeping the boars under control. The semi
wild boar endemic to the Italian south was a large and dangerous animal
equipped with sharp tusks and nasty disposition. It was the agile and vigilant
Cane Corsos job to intervene should the boar present a danger; many a
farmer was saved by the leap of the Cane Corso. The dog was sure to
grab the swine by the ear or flank to incapacitate him, should the dog try and
grab him at the snout the boar would be strong enough to run him to ground.
The Cane Corso was also used as a "cattle dog" or "butchers dog". The
beef was raised in wild pastures until the time came for the cattle to be
brought to slaughter by the "butteri" (the Italian cowboys). More often than
not the herds would have to be driven great distances to be slaughtered.
These were essentially "wild" animals and had to be treated with great
caution. In order to keep the herd manageable the bulls had to separate, the
Cane Corso accomplished this by using its vise like grip on the bull’s nose
or ear; the pain was so great that it completely incapacitated the bull. This
practice became a popular attraction called "bull baiting" The Cane Corso
of the butteri was charged with protecting the herd from predators both man
and animal alike.
The Cane Corso also has a history as a hunter of large game. In southern
Italy the wild boar was a valued food source. Hunting him was a dangerous
proposition. Wild boars are equipped with sharp teeth and are capable of
inflicting great harm to both man and dog when cornered. To hunt the boar a
pack was made up of Cane Corso and industrial cross breeds developed
for their sense of smell and pursuit abilities. The pack was released to
chase and corner the boar until the hunter and with their Cane Corso’s
arrived. The once unleashed the Cane Corso’s would set upon the swine,
thus incapacitating him, leaving it to the hunter to dispatch the boar using a
long spear. The badger was also considered prized game in the meridone
(southern Italy) every part of the animal was used, from his bristles to his
melted fat. Similarly to the boar, a pack was needed to hunt this nocturnal
animal. Again, cross breeds were employed (generally the mother was a sent
hound and the father a Cane Corso) the pack would flush out the quarry,
once cornered the Cane Corso was set upon the badger knocking him to
the ground and killing him with a bite to the neck. In Sicily the breed was
used to hunt porcupine. The Cane Corso was sent to the rodent’s den to
root him out, no easy task considering the quills of this animal are quite sharp
and could easily blind the dog. The porcupine was hunted by day, being a
nocturnal animal he lazily slept during daylight hours. The dogs used for this
type of hunting were docked at the eight vertebrae instead of the fourth;
this was to ensure that the hunter would be able pull him out once he went to
ground.
Decline
There are many variables that lead to the decline of the Cane Corso, his
fortunes were however, invariably tied to the fortunes of the peoples of the
meridone. The Masseria, the center of the socio-economic culture of the
old south was in decline. The livestock that the Cane Corso was entrusted
to control was shrinking as well as the game that he hunted was disappearing.
The farms that remained had trended to modern more economical machines
to do much of the beloved Cane Corso’s work. War impacted him as well;
during WW1 much of the populous of the south was called to arms, further
weakening the agro-pastoral activities of the region. After the First World
War there was a slight renaissance for the breed as things seemed to return
to normal, but it was short lived. The onset of World War 2 again brought
disarray to the regions rural activities, which were the Cane Corsos
livelihood. All able bodied men were in the armed forces leaving pastoral
activities to the woman and children. After the “war to end all wars” natural
disasters such as flooding and landslides as well as poverty and food rations
left the Cane Corso as an afterthought. Much of the returning work force
chose to pursue other work opportunities in the north. Thus the golden age
of the Cane Corso had come to a close.
Recovery of the Cane Corso
By the 1970’s the Cane Corso near extinction survived in only the most
remote back woods regions of southern Italian hinterland. These peasants
that still employed him and trained him in the traditional ways kept the
remnants of the breed alive. But only sparsely, few old time dog men still
remembered the proud sturdy dog of their youth. Their recollections more
like faded memories of childhood dreams. One such man was SIG.
Giovanni Bonnetti. In 1973 SIG Bonnetti contacted DR Poalo Breber
when he learned that DR Breber would be working for a time in Foggia.
SIG Bonnetti wrote DR Breber “he has noticed in those places a
molossiod dog different hair from the Neapolitan Mastiff, similar to the
bullmastiff, likeness of the Presa Majorca" the letter went on to say "Prof.
Ballotta, eminent dog lover, inhabitant of Romagna, had seen several
examples of this ancient Pugliese breed” With Breber’s interest peeked he
began the search for this Ancient "molossiod" by seeking out Foggiani who’
s memories went back some 50 years. These conversations led Breber
various works of art, illustrations poems and other historical documentation
depicting the utilization of the breed. By 1974 Breber had acquired a few
specimens of the elusive breed and began to resuscitate the Cane Corso.
Shortly thereafter DR Breber had the occasion to write an article in the
ENCI’s I Nostri Cane magazine on his work with the Maremmano-
Abruzzese in this article, two Cane Corso’s were pictured in the
background. This picture drew the attention of 16-year-old student
Stefano Gandolfi. Gandolfi sought out DR Breber to learn more about
this ancient Pugliese breed of dog. Gandolfi soon enlisted the services of
the Malavasi brothers from Mantova, who at the time bred German
Sheppard dogs. DR Breber realizing that he was not a professional
breeder, agreed the center of the recovery of the Cane Corso should be
in Mantova. Breber sent a number of subjects up north to Mantova, most
notably Dauno, a very typical large black dog. In Mantova, Dauno was bred
to a bitch named Tipsi producing perhaps the most significant litter of Cane
Corso’s in modern history. In this litter were Basir, the model for the
standard of the Cane Corso and his sister Babak, chosen as the model of
the feminine characteristics. In 1983 the chief proponents of the breed’s
recovery form a breed club for the Cane Corso, the Society Amatori
Cane Corso. By 1994 the Cane Corso receives official ENCI
recognition; by 1996 the breed receives FCI recognition.
In America
The Cane Corso like the Neapolitan Mastiff was introduced to American
shores by Michael Sottile SR. As the story goes in 1988 Sottile
imported the first litter of Cane Corsos to the U.S. The following year
he brought a second litter, this second litter was a repeat breeding of the
litter from the previous year. Sottile for years while in search of Mastino
Neapolitano in Italy had heard stories of a lighter more athletic molossar.
While in Sicily for a friend’s wedding he happened upon a farmer on the side
of the road working with cows, prior to that encounter he had only seen
pictures of the breed. Sottile had made many trips to Italy over these years
to make contacts with the Cane Corso club in Italy (the first edition of “Il
Cane Corso” list Sottile as the US delegate to the SACC) and to visit
with all of the prominent Cane Corso breeders of the day. While on one of
his trips he videotaped the Empoli LIR open book certifications (subjects
of unverifiable lineage enrolled into the Italian stud book based on their
phonotypical characteristics). Sottile eventually registered this new breed
of dog with the Federation of International Canines. In 1993 the
International Cane Corso Federation was formed to serve as the parent
breed club and registry for the Cane Corso by Ed and Kris Hodas along
with Mark and Tracy Wilson. The Hodas’s and Wilson’s also made a
number of trips to Italy for the same reasons Sottile did, to cement
relations with the SACC and to procure additional breeding stock. In the
Second edition of “Il Cane Corso” this time Mark Wilson is listed as U.
S. delegate to the SACC. The Wilson’s eventually faded from the Cane
Corso landscape, eventually leaving the club and registry to the Hodas’s. In
late 1994 it was decided to split the club and registry, the Hodas’s would
maintain control of the registry while the club would be reformatted to be
more in line with a typical AKC club, complete with elections, a constitution,
Board of Directors and regional Vice Presidents. The ICCF also
decided the reinstitute the original Sottile standard for the Cane Corso.
A year or so earlier Mark Wilson decided to implement the ENCI
standard. Soon thereafter the ICCF and the SACC parted ways, thus
cutting the U.S. off from ties to the Cane Corso’s country of origin. The
strained relations with Italy lasted until 1999 when a new club in Italy the
Association of Italian Cane Corso made its debut and extended an olive
branch to the ICCF. The collaboration was beneficial to both clubs as
they shared a common vision of what the Cane Corso was, functionally,
historically and practically. Also an important source of knowledge was now
available to the American Cane Corso lover. Delegations from the AICC
came to America to participate, give judges seminars and judge in the ICCF
National Specialty in 2000 and 2001, while ICCF delegates went to Italy
in 2000, 2001 and 2003 to seek with the ENCI and participate in the
AICC International Raduno. Eventually, due in no small part to the
relationship between the AICC and the ICCF the standard was changed
to be more in line with its European counterparts.
In 2003 the ICCF general membership voted to seek AKC recognition.
To achieve that goal various delegates have worked diligently toward the
goal of recognition. The name of the breed club had to be changed to
Cane Corso Association of America. The Constitution and standards
respectively had to undergo changes in order to meet AKC criteria. In July
2007 the breed was approved for the miscellaneous class and received full
recognition as of July of 2010.
Retrevied from Cane Corso Association of America 2010
descend from the Roman the Canis Pugnaces. Both the Cane Corso and
Neapolitan Mastiff are the rightful heirs to this legendary war dog. The
Cane Corso being the light version, adept at hunting game or a versatile
farm hand. Sturdy, strong and athletic, equipped with a vigorous temper,
ready to meet any challenge. The Neapolitan Mastiff, the heavy version, a
stout, imposing and fearsome guard dog. The very sight of him would be
enough to frighten away any with ill intent.
The term “Cane Corso” is historically as much an adjective as it is a noun. It
describes a type of dog you need to perform certain tasks, historically
associated with this type of dog. There is documentation to support that as
early as 1137 A.D. this term was synonymous with the lighter variety of the
molossian dog. While the etymology of this term is open to debate, there
are many valid hypotheses to its employment. Cane in Italian, even today
means dog, a derivative of the Latin canis. Also in Latin, Cohors- this would
mean bodyguard. Corsus, would be an ancient Italian provincial adjective
which translates to sturdy or robust. The term however does not mean that
the dog originates in Corsica. In the past this breed had been known by
names with provincial connotations such as Dogo di Puglia. Cane Corso,
however is a broader term that encompasses the breed’s diffusion
throughout all of Italy and Sicily. The Cane Corso was so prized and held
in such high regard that there are several metaphors and antidotes
associated with its name; "can corso, a man of proud aspect and attitude."
"He bites worse than a cane Corso;" “je’nu cors, is what an elderly peasant
would say to describe a young man who was the essence of moral and
physical virtue”
Ancient;
The Cane Corso is morpo-functionally representative of hunting dogs
down through history. Dogs employed helping man in the hunt can be seen in
Assyrian bas-reliefs circa 700 BC. These dogs differ from the heavy dogs
seen in Nivinah and Mesopotamia 100 or so years earlier. They have much
tighter skin around the neck; they present a much leggier construction with a
retracted abdomen. In one scene these dogs are being restrained by their
master’s while going to the hunt. In another scene the dogs are in full pursuit
after wild stag with spears filling the air. In antiquity dogs were not classified
by rigid breed names but by the geographical location in which they were
found or by their particular utilizations. The “Molossian” traces its roots to
the Epirus, the ancient Greek state which is now modern day Albania. Of
the Molossian Oppiano writes “not speedy but impetuous, a fighter of
great courage and incredible strength, to be employed against bulls and wild
boar, undaunted even when confronted with a Lion” The reigning Dynasty
in the 4th century BC were called Molossians, of which Alexander the
Greats mother was a Princess. The Molossians and Macedonians shared
an alliance and undoubtedly that is where the Macedonian army procured
their fierce some war dogs.
The Romans;
The Romans first encountered these Molossians of Epirus during the
Macedonian wars and renamed them Pugnaces because of their willingness
to fight. As was the Roman way what they assimilated they improved upon.
The Roman procurators cinogiae gathered up dogs from throughout the
Empire and separated them into three categories; celeres-those that ran
down wild animals, pugnaces-those that attacked wild animals and villatici-
those that guarded farms. These “groups” of dogs can be roughly
translated into what would be modern day hounds, the Cane Corso and
Neapolitan Mastiff respectively. This Roman war dog was used as an
auxiliary to the legions, as a hunting dog and as entertainment in the arenas
against all manner of animal and or human. To augment the Canis Pugnaces
abilities, dogs from England were brought back to the Empire. The
Romans met the pugnaces Britanniae in battle during their European
campaign’s and had come to value their indomitable fighting spirit. These
“imports” would be added to the Roman Pugnaces. It was said of the
pugnaces Britanniae “they were inflamed with the spirit of Mars the god of
war” Interestingly enough, many believe the infusion of the dogs from
England are responsible for the undershot bite in the Cane Corso, it is
also hypothesized that the Britanniae was originally a molossian that had
been brought to England by the sea fairing Phoenicians.
The fall of Pax Romana;
The fall of the Roman Empire predicated the fall of the Roman war dog.
However, this was not the end for this type of dog; he seemingly melted into
the Italic landscape. While no longer the piriferi (It was common practice for
the Romans to strap buckets of flaming oil to the backs of their war dogs
and send them into the enemy’s front lines to disrupt the opposing cavalry,
these dogs were called piriferi or fire bearer) he did find a home with the
Italian country folk. This Roman dog was transformed from warrior to a
somewhat more peaceful existence as a farmer, hunter and guardian. His
mettle forged on the battlefield and so versatile, would now serve him well in
these daunting tasks in the invaluable aid of man. This age is where we find
the most interesting evidence of the Cane Corso type dog. A Roman
mosaic depicting the wild boar hunt (Villa del Casale III-IV century a.d..,
Piazza Armerina) show’s a very Cane Corso like fawn dog. He is agile, tight
skinned and sinewy, signature characteristics of the Cane Corso. Couple
that with the fact that he is on a boar hunt, a traditional utilization of the
Cane Corso. A miniature by Giovannino de Grassi (1390) shows a light,
athletic Cane Corso type dog. The Reggia di Caserta, fountain of Diana
(1790) the last two dogs on the left are dogs with cropped ears, retracted
abdomen and long, lean musculature.
Neapolitan crèche (XVIII century) Figurine of a fawn Corso like dog with a
black mask, again the black mask is an essential characteristic of the Cane
Corso. Around the 1100’s the term Cane Corso began to be associated
the light molossian. This is evidenced in a number of areas;
-Giulio Cesare Scaligero (1484-1558) in his translation and commentary in
Latin of Aristotle’s Storia degli animali, speaks of large dogs employed in
the hunt of bulls and boar (once again historical Cane Corso utilizations)
called Alani, Corsi, dogas.
-Konrad von Gessner (1516-1564) In Historia Animalium, De
Quadrupedibus, “ know that when a Corso has his teeth in a boar or bull he
can’t be separated him without strong interference from the hunter on his
jaws
Life on the farm;
After the fall of the Roman Empire the Cane Corso proved its versatility
by being employed in numerous varying tasks mostly in Southern Italy in
provinces like Foggia, Puglia, Bari and Campobasso. The primary task’s
where that of guardian, hunter and farm dog. The Cane Corso’s versatility
made it an ideal farmhand. The Masseria or farm/manor was an almost self
sufficient socio-economic culture. A series of structures positioned
around in most cases a main building, generally a chapel. The Cane Corso
was an essential tool in this environment. By day the Cane Corso was
chained to guard the permanently stabled livestock, farm buildings and barns.
This was necessary to protect the various merchants, butchers, day
workers or occasional pedestrian who might pass by. In cases where there
was more than one Cane Corso present, the chain was necessary to keep
the confrontational dogs apart. The manner in which the dog was chained
enabled him to have a free range of motion to be able to reach the areas he
was entrusted to guard. This was accomplished by tying the chain to an
aerial line and a pulley system. Particular attention was paid to the collar,
which was often decorated with the family’s coat of arms.
He was well suited as a flock guardian, often deployed in the war with the
wolves. In these times the Cane Corso often wore steel “Vraccale” collars
that were equipped with spikes. These collars would ensure that the dog
would have an advantage when he encountered the now extinct Italian wolf.
He was also utilized in the breeding of swine. The Cane Corso would
become invaluable when after giving birth the sow would go to thicket to hide
with her brood. The Corso’s job was to seek out and find the sow and
incapacitate her either by grabbing her by the ear or snout so the farmer
could safely gather up the litter. Once this was accomplished the dog was
given a commanded to release her and the sow would anxiously follow her
brood back to the farm where she was reunited with her piglets. The Cane
Corso also was indispensable in keeping the boars under control. The semi
wild boar endemic to the Italian south was a large and dangerous animal
equipped with sharp tusks and nasty disposition. It was the agile and vigilant
Cane Corsos job to intervene should the boar present a danger; many a
farmer was saved by the leap of the Cane Corso. The dog was sure to
grab the swine by the ear or flank to incapacitate him, should the dog try and
grab him at the snout the boar would be strong enough to run him to ground.
The Cane Corso was also used as a "cattle dog" or "butchers dog". The
beef was raised in wild pastures until the time came for the cattle to be
brought to slaughter by the "butteri" (the Italian cowboys). More often than
not the herds would have to be driven great distances to be slaughtered.
These were essentially "wild" animals and had to be treated with great
caution. In order to keep the herd manageable the bulls had to separate, the
Cane Corso accomplished this by using its vise like grip on the bull’s nose
or ear; the pain was so great that it completely incapacitated the bull. This
practice became a popular attraction called "bull baiting" The Cane Corso
of the butteri was charged with protecting the herd from predators both man
and animal alike.
The Cane Corso also has a history as a hunter of large game. In southern
Italy the wild boar was a valued food source. Hunting him was a dangerous
proposition. Wild boars are equipped with sharp teeth and are capable of
inflicting great harm to both man and dog when cornered. To hunt the boar a
pack was made up of Cane Corso and industrial cross breeds developed
for their sense of smell and pursuit abilities. The pack was released to
chase and corner the boar until the hunter and with their Cane Corso’s
arrived. The once unleashed the Cane Corso’s would set upon the swine,
thus incapacitating him, leaving it to the hunter to dispatch the boar using a
long spear. The badger was also considered prized game in the meridone
(southern Italy) every part of the animal was used, from his bristles to his
melted fat. Similarly to the boar, a pack was needed to hunt this nocturnal
animal. Again, cross breeds were employed (generally the mother was a sent
hound and the father a Cane Corso) the pack would flush out the quarry,
once cornered the Cane Corso was set upon the badger knocking him to
the ground and killing him with a bite to the neck. In Sicily the breed was
used to hunt porcupine. The Cane Corso was sent to the rodent’s den to
root him out, no easy task considering the quills of this animal are quite sharp
and could easily blind the dog. The porcupine was hunted by day, being a
nocturnal animal he lazily slept during daylight hours. The dogs used for this
type of hunting were docked at the eight vertebrae instead of the fourth;
this was to ensure that the hunter would be able pull him out once he went to
ground.
Decline
There are many variables that lead to the decline of the Cane Corso, his
fortunes were however, invariably tied to the fortunes of the peoples of the
meridone. The Masseria, the center of the socio-economic culture of the
old south was in decline. The livestock that the Cane Corso was entrusted
to control was shrinking as well as the game that he hunted was disappearing.
The farms that remained had trended to modern more economical machines
to do much of the beloved Cane Corso’s work. War impacted him as well;
during WW1 much of the populous of the south was called to arms, further
weakening the agro-pastoral activities of the region. After the First World
War there was a slight renaissance for the breed as things seemed to return
to normal, but it was short lived. The onset of World War 2 again brought
disarray to the regions rural activities, which were the Cane Corsos
livelihood. All able bodied men were in the armed forces leaving pastoral
activities to the woman and children. After the “war to end all wars” natural
disasters such as flooding and landslides as well as poverty and food rations
left the Cane Corso as an afterthought. Much of the returning work force
chose to pursue other work opportunities in the north. Thus the golden age
of the Cane Corso had come to a close.
Recovery of the Cane Corso
By the 1970’s the Cane Corso near extinction survived in only the most
remote back woods regions of southern Italian hinterland. These peasants
that still employed him and trained him in the traditional ways kept the
remnants of the breed alive. But only sparsely, few old time dog men still
remembered the proud sturdy dog of their youth. Their recollections more
like faded memories of childhood dreams. One such man was SIG.
Giovanni Bonnetti. In 1973 SIG Bonnetti contacted DR Poalo Breber
when he learned that DR Breber would be working for a time in Foggia.
SIG Bonnetti wrote DR Breber “he has noticed in those places a
molossiod dog different hair from the Neapolitan Mastiff, similar to the
bullmastiff, likeness of the Presa Majorca" the letter went on to say "Prof.
Ballotta, eminent dog lover, inhabitant of Romagna, had seen several
examples of this ancient Pugliese breed” With Breber’s interest peeked he
began the search for this Ancient "molossiod" by seeking out Foggiani who’
s memories went back some 50 years. These conversations led Breber
various works of art, illustrations poems and other historical documentation
depicting the utilization of the breed. By 1974 Breber had acquired a few
specimens of the elusive breed and began to resuscitate the Cane Corso.
Shortly thereafter DR Breber had the occasion to write an article in the
ENCI’s I Nostri Cane magazine on his work with the Maremmano-
Abruzzese in this article, two Cane Corso’s were pictured in the
background. This picture drew the attention of 16-year-old student
Stefano Gandolfi. Gandolfi sought out DR Breber to learn more about
this ancient Pugliese breed of dog. Gandolfi soon enlisted the services of
the Malavasi brothers from Mantova, who at the time bred German
Sheppard dogs. DR Breber realizing that he was not a professional
breeder, agreed the center of the recovery of the Cane Corso should be
in Mantova. Breber sent a number of subjects up north to Mantova, most
notably Dauno, a very typical large black dog. In Mantova, Dauno was bred
to a bitch named Tipsi producing perhaps the most significant litter of Cane
Corso’s in modern history. In this litter were Basir, the model for the
standard of the Cane Corso and his sister Babak, chosen as the model of
the feminine characteristics. In 1983 the chief proponents of the breed’s
recovery form a breed club for the Cane Corso, the Society Amatori
Cane Corso. By 1994 the Cane Corso receives official ENCI
recognition; by 1996 the breed receives FCI recognition.
In America
The Cane Corso like the Neapolitan Mastiff was introduced to American
shores by Michael Sottile SR. As the story goes in 1988 Sottile
imported the first litter of Cane Corsos to the U.S. The following year
he brought a second litter, this second litter was a repeat breeding of the
litter from the previous year. Sottile for years while in search of Mastino
Neapolitano in Italy had heard stories of a lighter more athletic molossar.
While in Sicily for a friend’s wedding he happened upon a farmer on the side
of the road working with cows, prior to that encounter he had only seen
pictures of the breed. Sottile had made many trips to Italy over these years
to make contacts with the Cane Corso club in Italy (the first edition of “Il
Cane Corso” list Sottile as the US delegate to the SACC) and to visit
with all of the prominent Cane Corso breeders of the day. While on one of
his trips he videotaped the Empoli LIR open book certifications (subjects
of unverifiable lineage enrolled into the Italian stud book based on their
phonotypical characteristics). Sottile eventually registered this new breed
of dog with the Federation of International Canines. In 1993 the
International Cane Corso Federation was formed to serve as the parent
breed club and registry for the Cane Corso by Ed and Kris Hodas along
with Mark and Tracy Wilson. The Hodas’s and Wilson’s also made a
number of trips to Italy for the same reasons Sottile did, to cement
relations with the SACC and to procure additional breeding stock. In the
Second edition of “Il Cane Corso” this time Mark Wilson is listed as U.
S. delegate to the SACC. The Wilson’s eventually faded from the Cane
Corso landscape, eventually leaving the club and registry to the Hodas’s. In
late 1994 it was decided to split the club and registry, the Hodas’s would
maintain control of the registry while the club would be reformatted to be
more in line with a typical AKC club, complete with elections, a constitution,
Board of Directors and regional Vice Presidents. The ICCF also
decided the reinstitute the original Sottile standard for the Cane Corso.
A year or so earlier Mark Wilson decided to implement the ENCI
standard. Soon thereafter the ICCF and the SACC parted ways, thus
cutting the U.S. off from ties to the Cane Corso’s country of origin. The
strained relations with Italy lasted until 1999 when a new club in Italy the
Association of Italian Cane Corso made its debut and extended an olive
branch to the ICCF. The collaboration was beneficial to both clubs as
they shared a common vision of what the Cane Corso was, functionally,
historically and practically. Also an important source of knowledge was now
available to the American Cane Corso lover. Delegations from the AICC
came to America to participate, give judges seminars and judge in the ICCF
National Specialty in 2000 and 2001, while ICCF delegates went to Italy
in 2000, 2001 and 2003 to seek with the ENCI and participate in the
AICC International Raduno. Eventually, due in no small part to the
relationship between the AICC and the ICCF the standard was changed
to be more in line with its European counterparts.
In 2003 the ICCF general membership voted to seek AKC recognition.
To achieve that goal various delegates have worked diligently toward the
goal of recognition. The name of the breed club had to be changed to
Cane Corso Association of America. The Constitution and standards
respectively had to undergo changes in order to meet AKC criteria. In July
2007 the breed was approved for the miscellaneous class and received full
recognition as of July of 2010.
Retrevied from Cane Corso Association of America 2010
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